SEDS Messier Catalog References
The references for the Messier catalog are listed in two sections, the
Modern and Historic References
Modern References
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Roy L. Bishop (ed.).
The Observer’s Handbook — 1997.
The Royal Astronomical Society of Canada, 1996 (also: 1996, published 1995).
For the Deep Sky observer, the following contributions are of particular
interest (many of them are references used in this database):
- Star Clusters, by Anthony Moffat
- Visual Supernova Hunting, by Rev. Robert Evans
- Galactic Nebulae, by William Herbst
- The Messier Catalogue,
by Alan Dyer
- The Finest NGC Objects,
by Alan Dyer
- Deep-Sky Challenge Objects,
by Alan Dyer and Alister Ling
- Galaxies: Brightest and Nearest, by Barry F. Madore
- The Nasa/IPAC
Extragalactic Database (NED)
, by Barry F. Madore - Galaxies with Proper Names,
by James T. Himer and Barry F. Madore
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Burnham’s Celestial Handbook: An Observer’s Guide to the Universe
Beyond the Solar System. In Three Volumes (1: And-Cet; 2: Cha-Ori; 3: Pav-Vul).
Revised and enlarged edition 1978 (first edition 1966), Dover Publications.
Organised in constellations, this great handbook, often praised as the
“Bible of the Amateur Astronomer”, offers a lot of background information
on bright stars, double and multiple as well as variable and remarkable
stars (e.g., nearby stars, or stars of peculiar type), and deep sky objects.
The information consists of two parts for each constellation: First, there
are tables (each one for mupltiple stars, variables, and deep-sky objects)
with short but important info on how to find the object and what can be seen
(for the deep sky objects, NGC and other (Messier or Herschel) number, type,
description (mostly from NGC) and position (RA/Dec) are given).
Second, the more important objects are described in short articles, including
all “classical” Messier objects (i.e., without some of the
missing and additional
Messier objects). The second part includes many figures, tables, diagrams,
and black-and-white photos.
These descriptions are mostly of high value for the amateur observer, but
naturally on the information level of before 1978, when the books were
printed; nevertheless, they are often a source of info given in these pages.
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National Audubon Society Field Guide to the Night Sky.
Alfred A. Knopf, Inc. & Chanticleer Press, Inc., 1991 and 1995.
With astronomical charts by Wil Tirion. 720p. with numerous figures
(photos & graphics, often color), including color photos of
M1, 3, 4, 5, 6-7, 8, 11, 13, 15, 16, 17, 18, 20, 22, 23, 25, 27, 28, 29,
31/32/110, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 41, 42/43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 50,
51, 52, 53, 56, 57, 59/60, 63, 64, 65/66, 66, 67, 74, 76, 77, 78, 81, 82, 83,
84/86, 85, 87, 88, 93, 96, 97, 99, 100, 101, 103, 104, 105, 106, 109, 110,
as well as many non-Messier deepsky objects, objects of the solar system,
sky as well as moon and planet charts, and more. Perfect for taking it out
or on vacations.
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Visual Astronomy of the Deep Sky.
Sky Publishing Corp. and Cambridge University Press, 1990.
Contains basic descriptions of the foundations of visual deep sky observing,
a case study of M51, a visual atlas of deep sky
objects with photos and drawings (90 objects in 62 fields), and a catalog of
611 deep sky objects.
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Murray Cragin, James Lucyk, and
Barry Rappaport.
The Deep Sky Field Guide to Uranometria 2000.0.
Willmann-Bell, Inc., P.O.Box 35025, Richmond, Virginia 23235 (USA). 1993.
Data for the Deep Sky Objects in Uranometria 2000.0, sorted by page (chart)
in the Uranometria Atlas. Augmented by description of object types and data
as well as sources/references.
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David J. Eicher, editor.
Galaxies and the Universe — An observing guide from DEEP SKY
magazine. Kalmbach Books, 1992. Collection of useful articles on galaxy
observing.
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Galaxies. Sierra Club Books, San Francisco, CA, 1980.
A German translation appeared as Galaxien at Birkhäuser Verlag,
Basel (Switzerland), 1981.
One of the few books that are worth to be obtained in their large format
edition ! A magnificient color photo book; many color and b/w photos of
galaxies and other Deep Sky objects (including many from Messier’s catalog).
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Star-Hopping – Your Visa to Viewing the Universe.
Cambridge University Press, 1994 (paperback 1997).
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Messier and His Catalog. Sky & Telescope, August—September, 1953.
Reprinted in Mallas’ and Kreimer’s Messier Album.
Biography and discussion of the
additional Messier objects up to M109.
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Owen Gingerich. The Missing Messier Objects.
Sky & Telescope, Vol 20, October 1960.
Reprinted in Mallas’ and Kreimer’s Messier Album.
Disccussion of possible identifications of the four once
missing Messier objects (M47, 48, 91, 102).
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Messier’s Nebulae and Star Clusters.
Faber & Faber, 1968. The 2nd revised edition is Volume 2 of the
Practical Astronomy Handbooks series, published by
Cambridge University Press, 1991. 427p.
A great handbook and resource ! Contains introduction
to historical and astronomical background together with data, historic and
newer descriptions with a finder chart, drawing, and photo (in appendix)
for each object, plus biographical and historical material on Messier and
the other discoverers and early researchers of the Messier objects.
-
Kenneth Glyn Jones (editor).
Webb Society Deep-Sky Observer’s Handbook. Enslow Publishers,
Hillside, NJ. 8-massive-volume series of independent volumes on the
different fields of amateur astronomical observing of objects beyond the
solar system. All volumes are illustrated with many charts and drawings,
and some photos, and give an in-depth introduction to observing the
objects covered. The individual volumes are as follows:
- Double Stars,
1st ed. 1975 (UK) and 1979 (intedrnational), 2nd ed. 1986.
Covers 522 double and multiple stars. viii+120 p.
- Planetary and Gaseous Nebulae, 1978 (UK) and 1979 (int.).
Catalogs 80 planetary and 81 gaseous nebulae, with additional lists
and descriptions for 56 planetary and 42 diffuse nebulae. x+149p.
- Open and Globular Clusters, 1980.
Catalogs 204 open and 63 globular clusters, with additional treatment
of (exactly) 100 open and 7 globular clusters. xiv+206p.
- Galaxies, 1981.
Catalogs 271 galaxies and covers an additional (about) 78 objects;
charts of emission nebulae in M33 and NGC 6822 are in the appendix.
Attn: Virgo Cluster galaxies are treated, together with the Virgo
Cluster, in Vol. 5. xvi+238p.
- Clusters of Galaxies, 1982.
After a general part on galaxy clusters, a first catalog part treats
the central part of the Virgo cluster, lists 105 galaxies and gives
descriptions of some 70. The second catalog part treats 15 Abell
clusters in-depth, and lists the 103 Abell clusters with distande
group < 3. A third observational part describes 13 groups of galaxies and lists 3 more. xiv+241p.
- Anonymous Galaxies, 1987.
- The Southern Sky, 1987.
- Variable Stars, 1990. xiv+210 p.
Covers variable stars, including data and drawings for 110.
The appendix contains lists of variables in clusters and nebulae.
The cataloged objects from Volumes 2, 3, and 4 make up the
“Webb Society Catalog” of 700 numbered entries.
Webb Society Handbooks page.
- Double Stars,
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Die offenen Sternhaufen unserer Galaxies
(The open star clusters of our Galaxy).
Verlag Harri Deutsch, Thun and Frankfurt/Main (Germany), 1990.
With 143 figures and 82 tables, and a catalog of the open star clusters
(with a new naming scheme after celestial position, and Trumpler
classification for each cluster).
Quite comprehensive review of the knowledge on open clusters in our
Milky Way galaxy.
-
Alan Hirshfeld and Roger W. Sinnott
(Ed.).
Sky Catalogue 2000.0. Volume 2. Double Stars, Variable Stars and
Nonstellar Objects.
Cambridge University Press and Sky Publishing Corporation, Cambridge,
Massachusetts, 1985.
Comprehensive collection of standard data for these objects. The introduction
contains a Messier list, an OB stellar association, a
Local Group and a Cluster of Galaxies table,
as well as photos of M45, M13, M24, M104 and several non-Messier objects.
There’s also a comprehensive list of references and a Glossary of Selected
Astronomical Names.
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Planetary Nebulae. A Practical Guide and Handbook for Amateur
Astronomers.
Includes 253 finder charts, catalog of 1340 planetary nebulae.
Willmann-Bell, Inc., P.O.Box 35025, Richmond, Virginia 23235, USA.
1991. vi+264 p., various b/w figures, including drawings and photos.
A very reliable and useful resource for planetary nebulae.
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Atlas für Himmelsbeobachter. Kosmos, Franckh’sche
Verlagsbuchhandlung, Stuttgart 1988 (in German). English translation:
The Observer’s Sky Atlas.
Contains star charts (limiting mag 9) with positions and tables with
descriptions of 250 Deep Sky (including all Messier) Objects as well as
bright star, double star, and variable star data.
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Universe. W.H. Freeman, 1st edition 1968, 2nd edition 1988.
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The Sky: a user’s guide. Cambridge University Press, 1991.
xx+295 p., many b/w figures (charts, drawings, photos).
A good beginner’s book ! Photos include Messier objects
M31-42/43-45-51-79-87-103, and many other pictures related to amateur
astronomy.
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Messier Marathon Observer’s Guide — Handbook and Atlas.
Make Wood Products, P.O.Box 1716, Colfax, CA 95713 (USA). 1994.
Interesting stuff on Charles Messier, his comets, his catalog including
discussion of “nebulous” (missing, stellar, and the star cloud) and “add-on”
objects, a catalog, finder charts, plus proposed Marathon. 97 p.
As a bonus, it contains Machholz’s own estimates of apparent brightness and
dimension of all 110 Messier objects
Also available from
Sky Publishing # 46050.
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Colours of Stars. Cambridge University Press, 1984.
A German version appeared as Farbige Welt der Sterne, VCH, Weinheim,
1986.
David Malin describes details of his photographic techniques, and presents
many of his photos (i.e., those available at publication in 1984).
It is interesting to compare this book with his new one, described below.
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A View of the Universe.
Cambridge University Press, Cambridge/UK, 1993.
A German edition appeared as Blick ins Weltall
at Franck-Kosmos, Stuttgart, 1994.
David Malin describes much of his work as the world’s leading
astrophotographer (at least with color photo emulsions), and presents and
explains many of his premium photos, including many images of Messier objects.
Thanks to his kind policy, we could use many of these images in our pages;
look at our
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John Mallas and Everitt Kreimer.
The Messier Album. Sky Publishing 1978
Messier biography (by Owen Gingerich), reprint of Messier’s original
catalog (in French), descriptions for each object (but M102) with finder
chart, drawing (from 4″) and b/w photo (12 1/2″). Messier object chart of
the Heavens, check list, color photos of some
(1,4,5,[6-7-8-22-28-54-69-70 field],7,8,8/20/21,10,13,
[8-16-17-18-20-21-22-23-24-25-28 field],16,17,20,27,31/32/110,33,35,37,
38,42/43,45,46,51,57,62,65/66/N3628,80,81/82,97,101,104). viii+248 p.
Sky Publishing # 46042
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G. Meynet, J.-C. Mermilliod, and A. Maeder
in Astron. Astrophys. Suppl. Ser. 98, 477-504, 1993,
gives newly calculated ages for several open clusters referenced here,
namely
M 103 (25 million),
the Pleiades M 45 (100 million years),
M 34 (180 million),
M 7 (225 million),
M 41 (240 million),
M 11 (250 million),
M 23 (300 million), and
M 67 (4 billion years).
Thanks to Leos Ondra
for communicating this results, which he has also built into his very
StarClock program. According to their location, this team is sometimes
referred to as the “Geneva Team”.
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The Crab Nebula. Charles Scribner’s Sons, New York, 1978.
194 pages + many illustrations (b/w).
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The Amateur Astronomer’s Catalog of 500 Deep-Sky Objects.
AZTEX Corporation, P.O.Box 50046, Tucson, AZ 85703-1046, 1986.
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Jay M. Pasachoff, Donald H. Menzel,
and Roger Tory Peterson .
A Field Guide to the Stars and Planets (Peterson Field Guides).
Reissue edition 1998, Houghton Mifflin Co.
ISBN 0-395910994 (pbk), 0-395911001 (hard).
In addition to many useful astronomical stuff and tables, this handy
field guide contains the same sky charts as the Sky Atlas 2000.0 by
Wil Tirion, simply at a smaller scale.
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Stars and Clusters. Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA, 1979.
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The Hubble Atlas of Galaxies. Publication 618.
Carnegie Institution of Washington, Washington, D.C., 1961.
viii+32 pages + 50 plates with captions (so viii+132 pages),
Illustrations in the introductory text, 188 b/w photos of galaxies
(from Mt. Wilson and Mt. Palomar Observatories).
The text explains the Hubble classification of galaxies (E0-7, S0, Sa-c,
SBa-c), and introduces a modified version of that scheme.
Contains images of Messier galaxies M31 (including M32 and M110), M33, M51,
M58, M61, M63, M64, M65, M66, M74, M77, M81, M82, M83, M86, M87, M90, M91,
M94, M95, M96, M99, M100, M101, M102 candidate NGC 5866,, M104, M106, M108,
and M110.
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Jack W. Sulentic and William G. Tifft.
The Revised New General Catalogue of Nonstellar Astronomical Objects.
The University of Arizona Press, 1973.
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Nearby Galaxies Catalog. Cambridge University Press, 1988.
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Atlas of Deep Sky Splendors. Vehrenberg+Sky Publishing
1st ed 196X, 4th edition 198X. Original title: `Mein Messier-Buch‘
(My Messier Book). Schmidt photo charts of all Messier and many other Deep
Sky objects in same scale, partially color, descriptions, some with photos
from observatories. 242 p.
- Gudrun Wolfschmidt.
Milchstraße, Nebel, Galaxien:
Strukturen im Kosmos von Herschel bis Hubble
(Milky Way, Nebulae, Galaxies: Structures in Cosmos from Herschel to Hubble).
Deutsches Museum, München 1995
(Series: Abhandlungen und Berichte, Neue Folge; number 11)
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The Color Atlas of Galaxies. Cambridge University Press, 1988.
xi+189 pages, 150 plates. With an introduction and an index.
Color images, data and descriptions for more than 600 galaxies (including all
Messier galaxies, or at least parts of them [in case of M31 and M33] but M89);
colors are composed according to the UBV photometry scheme.
Not one of the low-cost books, but highly informative and a visual feast !
Historic References
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A catalogue of nebulae and clusters of stars in the southern hemisphere,
observed at Paramatta in New South Wales, by James Dunlop, Esq.
Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society, Vol. 118,
p. 113–151, 1828.
Catalog of 629 positions of nebulous objects. Many of them were only badly
determined, though.
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Friedrich Wilhelm (William) Herschel.
Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society, 1786.
First catalog of 1000 nebulous objects by William Herschel.
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Friedrich Wilhelm (William) Herschel.
Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society, 1789.
Second catalog of 1000 nebulous objects by William Herschel.
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Friedrich Wilhelm (William) Herschel.
Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society, 1802.
Third catalog of 500 nebulous objects by William Herschel.
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John Frederick William (John) Herschel.
Observations of Nebulae and Clusters of Stars, made at Slough, with a
Twenty-feet Reflector, between the years 1825 and 1833.
Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society, Vol. 123,
p. 359–505, 1833.
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John Frederick William (John) Herschel.
Results of Astronomical Observations made during the years
1834, 5, 6, 7, 8 at the Cape of Good Hope, being a completion of a
telescopic survey of the whole surface of the visible heavens commenced in
1825. Smith, Elder & Co., London. The 1713 entries in this catalog
were numbered in continuation of John Herschel’s 1833 catalog, and are
normally referred as h 2308 — h 4021.
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John Frederick William (John) Herschel.
Catalogue of Nebulae and Clusters of Stars.
Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society (London),
Vol. 154 (1864), 1-137. Often refernced as General Catalogue (GC).
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Abbe Nicholas-Louis de Lacaille.
Sur les etoiles nebuleuses du ciel Austral
(On the Nebulous Stars of the Southern Sky).
Memoirs of the Royal Academy of Sciences in Paris, 1755.
Reprinted in the
“Connaissance des Temps” for 1784 (published 1781; same volume as
We have Lacaille’s catalog online.
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Tables des Nebuleuses, ainsi que des amas d’Etoiles, que l’on decouvre parmi
les Etoiles fixes sur l’horizon de Paris; observes a l’Observatoire de la
Marine
(Table of nebulae and star clusters, which have been discovered between
the fixed stars over the horizon of Paris; observed at the Observatory of the
Marine).
Memoires de l’Academie des Sciences for 1771, Paris (published 1774).
First version of the catalog, covers the
objects
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Catalogue des Nebuleuses & des amas d’Etoiles
(Catalogue of Nebulae and Star Clusters).
Connaissance des Temps for 1783 (published 1780).
Reprint of the first catalog, plus the first supplement
(to M68).
Following the catalog,
a list was printed of objects reported by previous observers but
not verified by Messier when he had looked for them.
The objects M69 and
M70 were added in a separate
contribution to the same volume.
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Catalogue des Nebuleuses & des amas d’Etoiles
(Catalogue of Nebulae and Star Clusters).
Connaissance des Temps” for 1784 (published 1781).
This final published version of the
catalog contains the objects up to
M103.
Again, the list of failed object observations was printed after the catalog,
as was Lacaille’s catalog of southern objects.
This version of the catalog, plus its appendices, was reprinted unchanged
in the Connaissance des Temps” for 1787 (published 1784).
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The Bedford Catalogue: From A Cycle of Celestial Objects.
John W. Parker, London, 1844.
Reprinted by Willmann-Bell, Inc.; POB 35025, Richmond, VA 23235, USA; 1986.
This catalog describes 850 objects, mostly double and multiple stars, but
also 170 “Nebulae and Clusters”, ordered by Right Ascension
(the celestial “cycle”).
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Celestial Objects for Common Telescopes. 1859.
Revised by Rev. T.E. Espin. Longmans, Green & Co., 1917.
Reprinted by Dover Publications, Inc., New York, 1962.
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